【从句合集】定语从句+状语从句扫盲(含同位语从句的区分)

写教学文章，就像是开发一款App，刚开始的时候要付出大量的人力物力去开发，等到开发完了，只需要留一小部分人进行维护，我也会维护我之前写的教学文章，但很多同学还是说分散着看起来不方便，而且也不怎么看得到我做出的修改，所以我把之前的文章整合了起来，又加了许多新东西，给大家带来了这篇从句合集，建议收藏！

定语从句

用法：「定语」也就是充当形容词作用的东西，你可以把一整个从句看作是一个形容词，the guy who punched you, 打你的那个人，中文语序就是 punched you 的那个 guy 。

定义：在一个复合句中，跟在主句后修饰某一名词或代词（统称为先行词）的从句叫做 定语从句(The Attributive Clause).

被定语从句所修饰的词叫做 先行词 (Antecedent).

定语从句通常跟在先行词之后,由 关系词(Relatives)引出.因此,定语从句又可称为关系分句. 定语从句主要分为非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句。

说了这么多，想必大家都没看懂吧，但这不重要，这是我找来的定义，作用是给本文增添一点权威性，接下来请看正文。

关系词在句子中连接 从句 与 主句，分为 关系代词 和 关系副词。

1. 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose

2. 关系副词：when, where, why

关系代词引导的定语从句

1. Who 指代人

作主语：The man who is standing in front of your door might be a gay. 

作表语：The man is not who he used to be, he is a new person now, from now on, he can proudly be a gay. 

作宾语：I can't remember the man who I spent my night with. 这里 spend my night with the man，所以 who 作宾语。

2. Whom 只能作宾语且不常用

The person with whom I'm doing the project should be here soon.

3. Whose 意为「谁的」，可以是人或物，比如门的颜色，人的头发等

I'm living with a man whose dick is 8cm.

I have a bedroom whose walls were painted green.

4. That 最常见的，可以指代人或物

作主语：The man that is jerking off over there is my boyfriend.

作宾语：Is he the one that you mentioned earlier?

作表语：He is no longer the little boy that he used to be, he has grown up.

5. Which 替代物

The computer which I wanted to buy is no longer there.

The phone which has a cracked screen is mine.

关系副词引导的定语从句

1. When 时间

I will never forget the day when(on which) he left me.

2. Where 地点

I still remember the place where(at which) we first met.

3. Why 原因

I still don't understand the reason why(for which) he left me.

定语从句与同位语从句的区分

这两个从句长得很像，很多同学经常混淆，其实我一句话就可以彻底区分，先看个例子。

The news that he died yesterday made me sad. 同位语从句

The news that he told me yesterday made me sad. 定语从句

我们只需要看一点，首先，先行词是news，然后看它有没有说news是什么，比如第一句，他去世了这个新闻让我悲伤，有news的内容，那就是同位语从句，第二句，他昨天告诉的新闻让我悲伤，没有news的内容，不是同位语从句。

记住这一句，如果他死活不说先行词的内容是什么，那就不是同位语从句，同样的还有 advice, suggestion, story 等可以「展开说说」的词，要是你没看到建议的内容，故事的内容，那就不是同位语从句！

状语从句

首先，状语从句的结构为 连词 + 从句，不同的连词有不同的含义，这张图很好地概括了状语从句中的九大类型，以及常见的连词，建议收藏保存。

时间状语从句

时间状语从句主要由 When, While 和 as 引导，三种引导词分别代表三种不同的时间状态。

1. When，既可以是某个时间点，也可以表示某个时间段，动词可以是延续性动词 (sit, stand等)，也可以是非延续性动词(arrive, kill等)。When 多数情况下用在 一般过去时 + 非延续性动词，但这里我会全部举例。

When you are sitting on your seat, please make sure the seat belt is fastened. 在座位上请确保安全带系紧。这里 sit 就是一个延续性动词，这个状语从句表示在座位上坐着的这个时间段。

Don't forget to call me when your arrive. 到了以后别忘了给我打电话。这里 arrive 是发生在一瞬间的事情，所以属于非延续性动词，这个状语从句表示到达的时间点。

特殊情况：从句主语的省略，当状语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句的动词为 be 动词时，主句的主语可省略。 看着挺拗口，其实用例子说明非常简单。

When you are in trouble, you can always come to me. 这里主句和从句的状语都是 You, 而且从句的 动词为 are， 所以就可以省略从句的主语，写成 When in trouble, you can always come to me.

2. While, while 就等于 during the time that，所以后面必须跟 延续性动词，而且引导的状语从句多数情况下为进行时。

While I was waiting in the room, he went home.

While those kids were playing in the playground, the bell rang.

3. as 可以表示「当…的时候」和「一边…一边…」，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生，as引导的状语从句必须跟 延续性动词。

He jumped as ran on the road. 他在路上边跑边跳。 

I broke my leg as I ran home. 我跑回家的时候摔断了腿。

地点状语从句

地点状语从句由 Where, Wherever, Everywhere 引导。

1. Where

Where there is a will, there is a way. 只要有will的地方，就一定有way (有志者事竟成)。

I will go where you go.

Where 引导的状语从句比较简单，主要是区分定语从句和状语从句的区别，定语从句是一定要有先行词的。

You can work where you want. 状语从句

This is the place where he works. 定语从句

2. Wherever 无论在哪

Wherever you go, or how my heart breaks, I will be right here waiting for you.

I will track you down wherever you run. 你逃到哪我都会找到你。

3. Everywhere 每个地方

Things are a total mess everywhere they went. 他们所到之处一片狼藉。

原因状语从句

原因状语从句由 because, as, since, for引导，意思差别不大, since的用法较为正式，可以在写作和论文里面替换because，for引导的从句必须用逗号隔开。

I choose to be here because I like it here. 语气最强，强调原因

As you're tired, we can take a break here. 表示双方都知道

You can choose to leave since you didn't enjoy your time here. 语气较弱，比较正式，表示已知、显然的理由，通常翻译为「既然」

I don't know what happened that night, for I was not there. 写成并列句，用逗号隔开。

结果状语从句

结果状语从句由 so，that， so/such… that…引导，其中 so…that…和such…that…的区别即为so和such的区别。

1. so

He didn't sleep last night, so he looked exhausted this morning.

2. that

Smoking is bad for our health that it should be prohibited in public areas. 

在说so… that…和 such… that…之前，我先给大家复习一下 so 和 such 的区别。

so后跟形容词，You are so nice.

such 后跟名词，You are such a nice guy.

3. so…that… 太…以至于…

He is so tough that he went through the whole thing all by himself.

4. such…that…

He is such a tough guy that he went through the whole thing all by himself.

目的状语从句

目的状语从句由so that，in order to/that 引导，从句表示目的。

1. so that

I would like to sit in the front row so that I can watch the show closely.

2. in order to

I would like to sit in the front row in order to watch the show closely.

3. in order that

I would like to sit in the front row in order that I can watch the show closely.

方式状语从句

方式状语由 as，as if/as though 引导，用类比、比喻的手法描述动作的方式，「像…一样」、「仿佛」

1. as

You should wait for the traffic like to turn green as the others do.

2. as if/as though 其实没啥区别，as if用的多一点，后面常跟虚拟语气。

He is looking at us as if we've never met before. 

He looks so frightened as though it was the end of the world.

比较状语从句

1. 同级比较，as…as…

It is not as simple as it looks like.

She is as good-looking as her sister.

2. 不同级比较，than

Your house is three times bigger than mine.

She looks a lot younger than her twin sister.

条件状语从句

条件状语从句可以由if，unless 等表示条件的词引导。

1. if，if引导的从句为一般现在时，主句为将来时，这很好理解，因为条件尚未发生，由这个条件所导致的结果必定是在未来，但如果主句所描述的假设必定会发生，主句也可用一般现在时。

If you choose to leave this place, you will see a bigger world. 主句将来时，从句一般现在时。

If you take the fish out of the water, the fish dies. 主句从句都是一般现在时。因为鱼离水必死无疑。

2. unless 表示除非

I will not leave this place unless your tell me the truth.

让步状语从句

让步状语从句由although，even if/even though, whether, -ever 引导。

1. Although 意思为尽管

Although loneliness has always been a friend of mine. —— 后街男孩 As long as you love me

2. Even if 意思为即使，从句描述与事实相反的假设，不能描述事实

I will not move to that place even if you give me a million dollars. 你给我一百万我都不走。这里没人给我一百万，从句与事实相反，所以用 even though

3. Even though 意思也是即使，但从句描述的必须是事实

I'm planning to go out even though the weather is terrible out there. 外面天气很差，这是一个事实，即使天气很差，我也要出门，用even though，自己体会一下和 even if 的区别。

4. Whether 意思为不管…

I'm going to that place whether you come or not. 有你没你，我走定了。

5. wherever, whatever, whichever, however = no matter what/where/how/which. 意思为不管多x

You'll eventually regret it whatever you choose. = You'll eventually regret it no matter what you choose.

However hard he tried, he could not make it. = No matter how hard he tried, he could not make it.

不管他多么努力，都无法成功。这里 However 表示的就是 How + ever，而不是「但是」。